|
NiCd |
NiMH |
Lead
Acid |
Li-ion |
Li-ion
polymer |
Reusable |
|
|
Alkaline |
| |||||
|
Gravimetric
Energy Density(Wh/kg) |
45-80 |
60-120 |
30-50 |
110-160 |
100-130 |
80
(initial) |
|
Internal
Resistance |
100
to 2001 |
200
to 3001 |
<1001 |
150
to 2501 |
200
to 3001 |
200
to 20001 |
|
(includes
peripheral circuits) in mΩ |
6V
pack |
6V
pack |
12V
pack |
7.2V
pack |
7.2V
pack |
6V
pack |
|
Cycle
Life (to
80% of initial capacity) |
15002 |
300
to 5002,3 |
200
to |
500
to 10003 |
300
to |
503 |
|
3002 |
500 |
(to
50%) | ||||
|
Fast
Charge Time |
1h
typical |
2-4h |
8-16h |
2-4h |
2-4h |
2-3h |
|
Overcharge
Tolerance |
moderate |
low |
high |
very
low |
low |
moderate |
|
Self-discharge
/ Month (room
temperature) |
20%4 |
30%4 |
5% |
10%5 |
~10%5 |
0.30% |
|
Cell
Voltage(nominal) |
1.25V6 |
1.25V6 |
2V |
3.6V |
3.6V |
1.5V |
|
Load
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
peak |
20C |
5C |
5C7 |
>2C |
>2C |
0.5C |
|
-
best result |
1C |
0.5C
or lower |
0.2C |
1C
or lower |
1C
or lower |
0.2C
or lower |
|
Operating
Temperature(discharge
only) |
-40
to |
-20
to |
-20
to |
-20
to |
0
to |
0
to |
|
60°C |
60°C |
60°C |
60°C |
60°C |
65°C | |
|
Maintenance
Requirement |
30
to 60 days |
60
to 90 days |
3
to 6 months9 |
not
req. |
not
req. |
not
req. |
|
Typical
Battery Cost |
$50
|
$60
|
$25
|
$100
|
$100
|
$5
|
|
(US$,
reference only) |
(7.2V) |
(7.2V) |
(6V) |
(7.2V) |
(7.2V) |
(9V) |
|
Cost
per Cycle(US$)11 |
$0.04
|
$0.12
|
$0.10
|
$0.14
|
$0.29
|
$0.10-0.50 |
|
Commercial
use since |
1950 |
1990 |
1970 |
1991 |
1999 |
1992 |